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I.E. Cock1,2,*1Centre for Planetary Health and food Security, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA.2School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.35 Dear readers and authors, I am pleased to bring you Volume 11, Issue 4 of Pharmacognosy Communications. In this issue, we present new research reports examining the pharmaceutical properties of Panax spp. ginsenosides, the ability of selected Australian plants to induce apoptosis in human hepatocarcinomas, the growth inhibitory activity of Arctium lappa L. root extracts against some bacterial triggers of autoimmune diseases, as well as the spasmolytic effects of Aspalathus linearis. We…

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Grettel Solís Vindas, Marianela Chavarría-Rojas, Rolando Vargas Zúñiga, Gustavo Carazo Berrocal, German Madrigal Redondo*Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacéuticas (INIFAR), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, COSTA RICA.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.36 Introduction: Ginseng has been used since ancient times, for its medicinal properties. This plant comes from the genus Panax, and the most representative species are Panax quinquefolium, Panax ginseng, and Panax notoginseng. Methods: In this research, database, books and scientific articles were reviewed from 1999 to 2019, using the following descriptors: Panax, ginsenosides and adaptogens. Results: These plants active components are saponins, known as ginsenosides, and can be classified according…

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Shagun Dubey Upadhyay1,2,*, Shivani Lodha3, Yusra Ahmad3, Seema Kohli1, R.K Sharma41Department of Pharmacy, Government Kalaniketan Polytechnic College Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.2Research Scholar, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA.3Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA.4Dean, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh University of Veterinary Science, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.37 Objective: Ayurveda is a Sanskrit word that literally means “the scripture for longevity”. It epitomizes an ancient system of traditional medicine founded in India which is 5000 years old. The review aims to explore the various drugs related to Medhya Rasayana and their effectiveness in the…

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Ziang Cao1, Ian Edwin Cock1,2,*1School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA.2Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.38 Background: Antibiotic drugs have been widely applied in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, with the overuse and unreasonable adoption of antibiotics, a variety of bacteria have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Bacterial pathogens with multi-drug resistance mechanisms have made many infectious diseases more difficult to be treat and new therapies are urgently needed. Methods: An extensive review of ethnobotanical books, reviews and primary scientific studies was undertaken to identify TCMs used to treat…

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Nan Zhao1, Lejia Wang1, Ian Edwin Cock1,2,*1School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.2Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.39 Introduction: An increase in antibiotic resistance and a corresponding decrease in antimicrobial discovery have directed researchers towards alternative therapies, including plant based medicines. However, synergistic combinations of plant extracts with conventional antibiotics may be a far more effective approach in overcoming resistance and potentiating the activity of antibiotics that are otherwise ineffective against resistant bacterial strains. Methods: The antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa L. root extracts was investigated by disc…

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Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur1,2,*, Anwarul Hassan Gilani1,31Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, PAKISTAN.2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY, USA.3Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PAKISTAN.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.40 ABSTRACT Objectives: Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren, or rooibos as it is commonly known, is a local plant of South Africa. The plant is used traditionally in gastrointestinal (GI) conditions like diarrhoea, colic, and cramps. It is also used to help in respiratory disorders like asthma. This endeavour aimed to provide scientific justification for…

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Sudha Kiran1, Guat Siew Chew1, Joel Benjamin Johnson2, Janice Sandra Mani2, Lara Wakeling1, Andrew Portman3, Mani Naiker2,*1School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, AUSTRALIA.2School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD, AUSTRALIA.3Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Horsham, VIC, AUSTRALIA.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.41 Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of primary liver cancer with its prevalence continuing to rise. Although the number of cases continues to rise in both developing and developed countries, prognosis remains poor due to a lack of successful treatments. Inspired by the prospect of developing…

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I.E.Cock1,2,*1School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA.2Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.42 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was used effectively to treat previous coronavirus outbreaks with minimal side-effects and several TCMs have been highlighted as potential treatments for COVID-19. In particular, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. has been highlighted as useful for decreasing the disease severity in infected people.1 A recent study published in Pharmacognosy Journal utilised in silico prediction based on crystal structures and molecular docking techniques to highlight other promising phytochemicals.2 More than 12,000 compounds were…

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I.E. Cock1,2,*1Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA.2School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, AUSTRALIA.DOI: 10.5530/pc.2021.4.43 Figure 1: Petalostigma triloculorae (commonly known as quinine bush) unripe fruit and leaves. Petalostigma is an Australian Euphorbiaceae genus which consists of 7 species. They grow to between 2 and 10 metres in height and have bright orange fruit (when ripe). Petalostigma species were used extensively by indigenous Australians to treat a myriad of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases.1 P. pubescens bark and fruit decoctions were used…

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Disclaimer: The following conference dates and details have been provided using currently available information. Due to the rapidly changing nature of the current COVID-19 pandemic and the changes that may become necessary to due to local regulations and/or to ensure safety, these conferences may change prior to their commencement date. All reasonable attempts have been made to check and ensure the validity of these details. However, potential delegates are recommended to check these details with the conference organisers closer to the commencement date. Furthermore, as different regions and countries have different travel restrictions and requirements, it is strongly recommended that…

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