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    Pharmacognosy Communications
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    Pharmacognosy Communications
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    Original Article

    Growth inhibition of the zoonotic bacteria Bacillus anthracis by high antioxidant Australian plants: New leads for the prevention and treatment of anthrax

    wadmin2By wadmin2June 16, 2015Updated:August 10, 2021No Comments2 Mins Read
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    Mitchell Henry Wright1, Ben Matthews2, Anthony Carlson Greene1 and Ian Edwin Cock,1,3*
    1School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
    2Smart Waters Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
    3Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.

    Pharmacognosy Communications,2015,5,3,173-189.
    DOI:10.5530/pc.2015.3.3
    Published:June 2015
    Type:Original Article

    ABSTRACT

    Introduction: Anthrax is severe acute disease caused by Bacillus anthracis infections. If untreated, it often results in mortality. High antioxidant plant extracts have documented therapeutic properties as general antiseptics, inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of bacterial species. This study examines the ability of selected high antioxidant Australian plant extracts to inhibit B. anthracis growth. Methods: Solvent extracts were prepared using various high antioxidant Australian fruits and herbs and investigated by disc diffusion assay for the ability to inhibit the growth of an environmental strain of B. anthracis. Their MIC values were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. The most potent extracts were analysed by non-targeted HPLC-QTOF mass spectroscopy (with screening against 3 compound databases) for the identification and characterisation of individual components in crude plant extracts. Results: Methanolic and aqueous extracts of several high antioxidant plant extract sdisplayed potent antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion assay against B. anthracis. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of lemon aspen, as well as the methanolic extracts of muntries, Illawarra plum and native tamarind were particularly potent growth inhibitors with MIC values<1000 μg/mL. Furthermore, all of these extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia fransiscana bioassay, with LC50 values substantially>1000 μg/mL. Non-biased phytochemical analysis of the lemon aspen aqueous and methanolic extracts putatively identified 85 compounds and highlighted several that may contribute to the ability of these extracts to inhibit the growth of B. anthracis. Conclusion: The low toxicity of several high antioxidant plant extracts and their potent inhibitory bioactivity against B. anthracis indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of anthrax. Lemon aspen is particularly worthy of further study.

    Keywords: Anthrax, Antioxidant, Bacillus anthracis, lemon aspen, Muntries, Metabolomic profiling, Syzygium, Zoonotic.

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    About Journal
    About Journal

    Pharmacognosy Communications [Phcog Commn.] is a quarterly journal published by Phcog.Net. It is a peer reviewed journal aiming to publish high quality original research articles, methods, techniques and evaluation reports, critical reviews, short communications, commentaries and editorials of all aspects of medicinal plant research. The journal is aimed at a broad readership, publishing articles on all aspects of pharmacognosy, and related fields. The journal aims to increase understanding of pharmacognosy as well as to direct and foster further research through the dissemination of scientific information by the publication of manuscripts. The submission of original contributions in all areas of pharmacognosy are welcome.
    Indexed and Abstracted in : Chemical Abstracts, Excerpta Medica / EMBASE, Google Scholar, CABI Full Text, Ulrich’s International Periodical Directory, ProQuest, Journalseek & Genamics, PhcogBase, EBSCOHost, Academic Search Complete, Open J-Gate, SciACCESS.
    Rapid publication: Average time from submission to first decision is 30 days and from acceptance to In Press online publication is 45 days.
    Open Access Journal: Phcog Commn. is an open access journal, which allows authors to fund their article to be open access from publication.

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