Antipsychotic and behavior effect of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Maytenus macrocarpa (Ruiz &Pav.) Briq.in mice

Claudia Zambrano Santoyo^1,2a, Lucero Zúñiga Espinoza^1,2,a, Rosario Zanabria Puente^1,2a, Joshi Zegarra Sánchez^1,2a, Nathaly Zaga Quispe^1,2a, Carlos Pante Medina^1,2,b and Alberto Salazar Granara^1,2,c.
1Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Medicina Tradicional y Farmacología.
²Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martin de Porres.
^aJunior researcher and medicine student.; ^bResearch technician in animal species ; cDoctor in Medicine and Physician.

Pharmacognosy Communications,2015,5,4,244-249.
DOI:10.5530/pc.2015.4.5
Published:July 2015
Type:Original Article

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Different studies indicate that Maytenus has many effects and that M. obtusifolia species has a central nervous system depressant effect. Objective: To determine antipsychotic and behavior modifying effect of the Maytenus macrocarpa (Ruiz &Pav.) Briq.ethanolic extract, using the forced swim test and Irwin test. Method: 77 albino mice were used, with an average weight of 25 g. They were split into 7 groups and they were administered with Maytenus macrocarpa of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, caffeine 32 mg/kg, diazepam 32 mg/kg, fluoxetine 30 mg/kg, haloperidol 5 mg/kg, distilled water (placebo) 0,1 ml/10 g, and a control group. The Irwin test was used to evaluate presence or absence of lethality, convulsions, Straub tail, sedation, excitement, abnormal gait, jumps, motor in coordination, abdominal writhes, piloerection, stereotypies, head twitches, scratching and breathing. The forced swim test was used to evaluate the antidepressant effects of each substance. Results: The highest immobility time was observed in Maytenus macrocarpa, compared with Haloperidol (p > 0.05) in the doses of 400 mg/kg, both of the substances having a Gaussian distribution. Irwin test for Maytenus macrocarpa of 200 mg/kg had sedation effect at minute 30; doses of 400 mg/kg at minutes 15 and 45, and doses of 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg at 15 minutes. Conclusion: Antipsychotic effects and behavior modifying effects were demonstrated in Maytenus macrocarpa (Ruiz &Pav.) Briq.ethanolic extract.

Keywords: Antidepressive, Antipsychotic, haloperidol, Maytenus.