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    Pharmacognosy Communications
    Original Article

    An Examination of the Antioxidant Capacity, Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity of Commercial Kale and Spirulina Powders

    January 1, 2021Updated:August 6, 20212 Mins Read

    Clémence Blanc1,2, Ian Edwin Cock1,3,*

    1Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.

    2School of Biology, Ecole de Biologie Industrielle (EBI), Cergy, FRANCE.

    3School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.

    Pharmacognosy Communications,2021,11,1,45-51.
    DOI:10.5530/pc.2021.1.10
    Published: January 2021
    Type: Original Article

    ABSTRACT

    Introduction: The development of antibiotic resistant bacteria has resulted in treatment failure for the current antibiotic regimen against many bacteria. A corresponding decrease in the development of new antibiotic therapies has highlighted the urgent need for the discovery of new antibiotics. An examination of ‘superfoods’ is an attractive option due to the high antioxidant capacities and beneficial secondary compounds reported in many ‘superfoods’. This study was undertaken to test kale and spirulina extracts for the ability to inhibit the growth of a panel of bacterial pathogens of human importance. Methods: Commercially sourced kale and spirulina powders were extracted and tested for antimicrobial activity using modified disc diffusion and liquid dilution MIC methods. Toxicity was evaluated using an Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: The methanolic and aqueous extracts of kale and spirulina displayed noteworthy growth inhibitory activity against P. mirabilis. The aqueous spirulina extract was a particularly good inhibitor of P. mirabilis, with MIC values as low as 220μg/mL. In contrast, all extracts were ineffective or of low inhibitory activity against all other bacteria tested. All extracts were non-toxic in the Artemia nauplii bioassay, confirming their suitability as natural antibacterial therapies. Conclusion: These studies indicate that aqueous kale and spirulina extracts are promising inhibitors of P. mirabilis growth and may be useful in the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as other diseases caused by that bacterium.
    Key words: Antibacterial activity, Artemia, Arthrospira, Brassica oleracea, Natural therapies, Superfood, Toxicity.
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    Recent Posts
    • Editorial
    • Antimicrobial Activity of Acacia disparrima Benth. and Acacia leiocalyx Pedley Leaf Extracts in Combination with Antibiotics against Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Diseases
    • Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C.Sm. Berry and Leaf Extracts Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in Selected Human Carcinoma Cell Lines
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    • Bioactive Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Pilis, A Forehead Transdermal Herbal Medicine
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